Learning and the Evolution of Learned Responses in Phenotypes.
Specific genes determine for example whether a species of fruit flies will fly up or downward when threatened by a predator, the laying of eggs, by a wasp in a particular kind of of caterpillar; the mating rituals of fish, the web building of spiders; the specialized behaviours of insects castes and countless other drives and instincts characteristic of animal species. It is important to understand how patterns of behaviour get established. Neo-Darwinian theory and Synthesis of genes are for…